P107: Using Nano Particles as a Novel Application for Alzheimer’s Disease; an Effective Endeavor for Drug Delivery

As the most common cause of dementia among the elderly results in cognitive and ‎behavioral impairment, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized with aggregation of senile ‎plaques (Beta-amyloid protein), cortical atrophy and ventricular enlargement. Unfortunately, ‎conventional methods like acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor drugs, are not so effective owing to ‎restrictive mechanisms imposed at the blood–brain barrier (BBB), poor solubility, and low ‎bioavailability. So, researchers show a tendency towards using Nano technological methods ‎involving application of nanoscale drug delivery system through polymeric nanoparticles, ‎microemulsion, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsion, and liquid ‎crystals. As drug delivery agents, Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles ranging in size from 1 ‎to 1000 nm that mask the BBB limiting characteristics. This system may slow drug release in the ‎brain, decreasing collateral damage and peripheral toxicity. They have high drug loading ‎capacities that is capable of targeting towards the mutagenic proteins of AD. Biodegradable ‎nanoparticles such as PLGA, PLA, chitosan gelatin, polycaprolactone and poly-alkyl-‎cyanoacrylates have been used frequently as drug delivery vehicles due to its grand ‎bioavailability, better encapsulation and less toxic properties. These carriers can deliver drugs that ‎proved to have anti-Alzheimer effect, such as: clioquinol derived from quinoline known to ‎solubilize the A-Beta plaques in vitro and inhibits the A-Beta accumulation in AD transgenic ‎mice in vivo, D-Penicillamine conjugated to NPs seem to reverse the metal-induced precipitation ‎‎(specially Cu2+) and decreases the beta amyloid protein concentration. A robust ‎collaboration between specialists and medical nanotechnology researchers opens promising ‎windows to AD dilemma.‎